Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, daim ntawv -raws li ntim tau dav txhawb raws li kev daws teeb meem yas, tab sis nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ib puag ncig tseem muaj kev sib cav heev. Ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab los ntawm Ellen MacArthur Foundation qhia meej tias thaum ntawv tuaj yeem ua lwm txoj hauv kev ntim cov hnab yas, nws tsis tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem pov tseg yas tag nrho. Txo cov ntim ntim thiab txhawb nqa rov qab siv dua yog cov tswv yim zoo dua.
Raws li kev xam phaj nrog Laura Smith, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm rau Plastics thiab Ntim ntawm Ellen MacArthur Foundation, tsab xov xwm no nthuav tawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom cov kev nkag siab tseem ceeb thoob plaws tsib thaj chaw tseem ceeb.
1. Cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia
Cov pob yas me me uas hloov tau yooj yim muaj tus nqi rov ua dua tshiab thiab nyuaj rau kev sau, ua rau lawv yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa phem hauv dej hiav txwv - lub luag haujlwm rau kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov ntim yas nkag mus rau hauv dej hiav txwv.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau lees paub tias cov ntawv ntim cov ntawv tsim tau zoo tuaj yeem pab txo cov yas to. Nws tseem tsim kom muaj 6 tus qauv tsim qauv tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv -raws li lwm txoj hauv kev. Txawm li cas los xij, qib siab - cov ntawv hloov pauv tau zoo tseem tsis tau muaj dav dav ntawm qhov ntsuas lossis tus nqi qis, xav tau kev lag luam ntau dua hauv kev tsim kho tshiab.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov txo qis thiab rov siv dua xa cov khoom pov tseg zoo dua - txo cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua li hloov cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim.
2. Cov qauv tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv hloov pauv siv tau
Yuav kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg tiag tiag, ntim ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem nruj raws li kev xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntim ntim:
Ua rov ua dua thiab biodegradable nyob rau hauv tiag tiag - lub ntiaj teb tej yam kev mob
Tsis txhob cuam tshuam ib puag ncig los yog muaj kuab paug thib ob
Muab cov khoom tiv thaiv txaus thiab txee- kev ua neej nyob
Ua technically practical thiab economically siv tau
Siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub luag haujlwm nrog cov khoom qis - carbon ntau lawm
Haum nyob rau hauv uas twb muaj lawm voj voog tswj systems
Tam sim no, feem ntau cov ntawv-raws li kev ntim khoom tawm tsam kom sib npaug tag nrho cov kev xav tau no, txhais tau tias kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb.
3. Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khw muag khoom Esxias sab hnub tuaj
Cov teb chaws xws li Is Nrias teb, Nyab Laj, thiab Indonesia vam khom ntau rau ib leeg - siv cov hnab me me thiab ntim tau yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv khib nyiab pov tseg tseem tsis tau tsim, nrog ntau cov pov tseg los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg tsis raws cai.
Vim tias cov pob yas me me yuav luag tsis muaj nqi rov ua dua tshiab, lawv nquag xau rau hauv ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kuab paug hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cheeb tsam no muaj ecologically rhiab heev hav zoov peev txheej.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov lus qhia rau lub luag haujlwm tsim cov ntawv ntim khoom thiab kev xa khoom yog li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam sab hnub tuaj Asia sai sai.
4. Qhov tseem ceeb Hierarchy rau kev tswj cov pa phem
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm hais txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ntim khoom kom ruaj khov:
Kev txo cov peev txheej (tshem tawm cov ntim tsis tsim nyog)
Reusable & refillable systems
Loj- hom ntawv, yooj yim-rau- rov qab ntim
Kev hloov daim ntawv yuav tsum tsuas yog siv thaum txo qis thiab rov siv dua tsis ua tau. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom pov tseg thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Daim ntawv tsis yog kev kho universal.
5. Trade-Offs: Ntawv vs. Yas
Kev ntim khoom yas feem ntau suav nrog ntau dua -kev ua haujlwm engineering, tsim qhov chaw rau cov ntawv hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov khoom siv "zoo dua" thoob plaws hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw - cov txiaj ntsig tau nyob ntawm ntau yam ntawm kev tsim khoom, thauj, thiab xaus - ntawm - kev kho lub neej.
Niaj hnub no, cov ntawv ntim ntawv feem ntau hnyav 1.2 mus rau 1.5 npaug ntau dua li cov yas sib npaug, ua rau muaj kev thauj mus los ntau dua.
Raws li qib siab - txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheem nce mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide yuav tsum nqaim heev.
Xaus
Hloov los ntawm yas mus rau ntawv yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov, tab sis nws tsis yog cov mos txwv nyiaj. Ellen MacArthur Foundation lees paub tias qhov kev vam meej tiag tiag yuav tsum tau txo qis, rov siv dua, thiab tsim lub voj voog, tsis yog hloov cov khoom siv xwb.
Rau cov khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg tsim khoom ntim thoob ntiaj teb, kev vam meej txhais tau tias ntsuas kev ua haujlwm, nqi, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab kev cuam tshuam lub neej - es tsis yog ua raws li "paperization" tiam.